Articles tagged with 'Research and teaching'

Since most advances in medicine and veterinary health involve some animal research, it is virtually impossible to access medical or veterinary care and avoid using any products that have been developed using animals.

Paintball guns are pneumatic firearms driven by compressed gas.

Cosmetic products include make-up and skin-care products as well as soaps, shower gels, deodorants, shampoos, toothpastes, some sunscreens and similar products. Testing a finished cosmetic product on animals is not permitted in Australia.

Genetic modification (GM) of farm animals started in the early 1980s. Most research on GM farm animals (cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens and goats) has been carried out in the United States, Australia, New Zealand and Japan.

The 3Rs (Three Rs) of replacement, reduction and refinement have guided research involving animals through the use of humane principles around the world. The 3Rs have been adopted in various ways through policy, guidelines and legislation.

In a world first, a sheep named Dolly was born in 1996. She was a clone of her mother, created using the genetic material from a cell in the ewe’s udder. Dolly sparked an intense public debate on cloning.

Unlike some other countries, Australia does not publish the number of animals used in research, testing and teaching each year and so this makes it very difficult to identify reductions or trends in the number of animals used.