Pigeon racing presents several animal welfare concerns. Racing pigeons may be susceptible to predator attack from birds of prey or other animals during the race. The races usually cover very large distances which places high physical demands on the pigeons. In order to be able to cope with such races, pigeons need to receive adequate physical training and be in excellent body condition prior to the race commencing.

Migrating birds including racing pigeons pose a major biosecurity risk in relation to the spread of infectious bird diseases. As racing pigeons travel large distances, they may carry diseases from one geographical region to another.

Issues of overcrowding and housing management also need to be addressed. Codes of practice for the keeping and racing of pigeons do currently exist, however these are voluntary and therefore not enforceable by state or territory governments or the RSPCA. RSPCA Australia advocates the regulation of pigeon racing competitions to prevent races from being held over excessive distances, in adverse weather conditions or over unsuitable terrain.